The E39 set new standards in design, luxury, and performance. It was the first in the 5 Series to extensively use aluminum for major components in the front suspension and the rear, which significantly improved handling and reduced weight. The E39 also introduced a new rack and pinion steering system for four- and six-cylinder models, enhancing steering precision and feel. The body was designed to be sleek, reducing the drag coefficient and improving fuel efficiency. The E39's chassis was remarkably stiff, providing a solid foundation for the refined suspension system, which contributed to its acclaimed ride comfort and dynamic handling.